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Things To Know About Inherited Large Intestine And Rectal Cancer
A family history of colorectal cancer can increase the one's chances of having this illness. Research has found that gene mutations causing colorectal cancer can be passed on to the family members.
A gene is a block of the DNA. This holds the genetic code that is responsible for producing proteins that aid in the functioning of our body.
Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are two of the most common kinds of inherited colorectal cancers. Children of people who carry these genes have roughly 50 per cent chances of inheriting the gene causing this ailment. These two inherited forms of colorectal cancer can affect both men and women equally.
Read on to know in detail about the causes of FAP, its diagnosis and treatment.
What Causes FAP?
FAP is a rare condition. Its primary characteristic is the presence of benign polyps (growth in the large intestine and in the upper respiratory tract). Mostly, people develop polyps by about the age of 35. Sometimes, the detected patients are in their early teens. It is important to remove the polyps surgically or else they would take the shape of cancer.
FAP is caused due to a defect in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. Mostly, this gene is inherited from the parent. Extra tissue is formed in the large intestine and rectum. At times, the presence of polyps is found in the upper gastrointestinal tract as well.
What Are The Symptoms Of FAP?
The
major
sign
is
the
growth
of
several
(about
thousands)
polyps
in
the
rectum
and
colon.
It
usually
begins
as
early
as
in
one's
teenage
years.
In
most
of
the
cases,
especially
if
left
untreated,
these
polyps
would
certainly
develop
into
colon
cancer
or
rectal
cancer
by
the
time
one
reaches
40
years.
Some
of
the
symptoms
that
might
indicate
the
presence
of
FAP.
- Pain in the abdomen
- Pain in the back passage
- Sudden weight loss without any specific reason
- Blood or mucus in the stool
- Bleeding from the back passage
- Constipation or diarrhoea
If one notices a change in the bowel habits that last longer than six weeks, then medical intervention becomes necessary to check for the occurrence of FAP.
Is FAP Rare?
FAP is quite uncommon. Studies have shown on an average that 1 in 22,000 could be a victim of this illness. On the other hand, colorectal cancer is understood to be sporadic. Research says that about less than 1 per cent of all colorectal cancer cases is assumed to be due to FAP.
How Is FAP Diagnosed?
If
there
is
a
family
history
of
FAP,
then
it
is
essential
to
get
yourself
screened
at
frequent
intervals.
Screening
is
usually
done
annually
and
in
the
following
ways:
•
Colonoscopy:
A
tube
is
inserted
through
the
rectum
and
the
colon
is
examined.
•
Sigmoidoscopy:
A
tube
is
inserted
through
the
rectum.
The
purpose
is
to
inspect
the
rectum
and
sigmoid.
•
CT
or
MRI:
Desmoid
tumours
can
be
identified
through
the
imaging
of
the
pelvis
and
abdomen.
•
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy/side-viewing
duodenoscopy:
The
inspection
involves
the
stomach,
oesophagus
and
the
upper
region
of
the
small
intestine.
A
biopsy
might
also
be
done.
Genetic
testing
is
also
important.
A
blood
test
is
enough
to
check
for
the
presence
of
the
gene
that
causes
FAP.
Genetic
testing
might
be
required
if:
You
show
some
of
the
signs
of
FAP
Your
family
members
have
FAP
What Are The Treatment Options?
If small polyps are found during the examination through colonoscopy, then those would be removed. As you age, the polyps multiply and might become extremely difficult to remove them individually. In that case, you would need a surgery so that colon cancer does not occur.
If laparoscopy is the opted surgical procedure, then your hospital stay would not be long. Minimal invasive surgery just requires small incisions and maybe just a stitch or two.
- However, your condition would determine the kind of surgery that the doctor would advise you:
- Subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis - Rectum is left in place.
- Total proctocolectomy with a continent ileostomy - Colon and rectum are removed, an opening is created on the right side of the abdomen.
- Total proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis - Colon and rectum are removed and a region of the small intestine is attached to the rectum.
Surgery is not the ultimate cure for FAP. Polyps might form again. If they are small, removing them endoscopically is advised. Regular screening with follow-up treatment is essential.
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