Dengue Fever FAQ: Everything You Need To Know About The Disease

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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that affects millions of people worldwide each year.

It is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti. Dengue fever can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and in some cases, it can lead to a more serious condition known as dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome [1].

Currently, India is seeing a large number of dengue cases since the advent of the monsoon season a few months ago - citing the importance of preventing dengue and practising precautions.

In this FAQ article, we will address common questions related to dengue, including its transmission, risks, treatment, impact on pregnancy, dietary considerations, and other related topics.

FAQ On Dengue: Its Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Transmission And More

What is dengue?

Dengue is a viral illness transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. It can cause flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening.

What are the common symptoms of dengue?

Common symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding (e.g., nosebleeds or gum bleeding). These symptoms typically appear 4-10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.

How is dengue transmitted?

Dengue is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are most active during early morning and late afternoon.

Where is dengue most commonly found?

Dengue is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is particularly common in countries with warm and humid climates, where Aedes mosquitoes thrive. Regions in Asia, the Pacific, the Americas, Africa, and the Caribbean are known to be affected.

What are the stages of dengue fever?

Dengue typically progresses through three stages: febrile, critical, and recovery.

Is dengue contagious from person to person?

No, dengue is not directly contagious from person to person. It requires the intermediate transmission of the virus through the bite of an infected mosquito.

Read more here: Can Dengue Spread In A Household? Here's What You Need To Know

Is there a vaccine for dengue?

Yes, there are vaccines available for dengue. However, the availability and recommendation of these vaccines can vary by country. It's important to consult with healthcare professionals regarding the appropriate vaccination strategies.

Can dengue be treated?

There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Supportive care, such as staying hydrated and managing pain and fever with medications like acetaminophen (paracetamol), is usually recommended. However, it's important to avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin, as they can increase the risk of bleeding.

Can dengue be treated at home?

Yes, patients with mild to moderate symptoms can be treated at home but timely consultation with doctors and proper medication is absolutely unavoidable.

Is there a specific diet for dengue patients?

There is no specific diet for dengue patients, but it's important to stay hydrated and consume nutritious foods to support the immune system during recovery.

Know more here: Therapeutic Foods To Prevent Dengue: A Guide To Vegetarian And Non-Vegetarian Foods

What should dengue patients eat?

Dengue patients should focus on a balanced diet with fluids, electrolytes, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to aid recovery.

What is the dengue fever pattern in a day?

Dengue fever often presents with high fever, typically lasting around 2-7 days, accompanied by severe headaches, joint pain, and rash, with symptoms worsening during the early morning and late afternoon.

Which medicine is used to treat dengue?

Let your doctor decide which medicine to be given. Unless you reach the doctor and the fever is too high, paracetamol in the prescribed dose as per the patient's age can be given. No other medicine.

Can herbal remedies cure dengue?

No, there is no scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of herbal remedies in curing dengue. Medical care from healthcare professionals is crucial. While home remedies may help ease the symptoms, they cannot be considered as the primary treatment method for dengue.

What is severe dengue?

Severe dengue, also known as dengue haemorrhagic fever, is a potentially life-threatening form of the disease. It can lead to bleeding, organ damage, and a drop in blood platelet count. Prompt medical attention is essential for its management.

How can dengue be prevented?

Preventive measures include eliminating mosquito breeding sites, using mosquito repellents, wearing protective clothing, and using bed nets. Community efforts to control mosquito populations and reduce their habitats also play a crucial role.

What are the differences between dengue and other mosquito-borne illnesses like Zika and chikungunya?

While dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are all transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and share some symptoms (fever, joint pain, rash), they also have distinct clinical features. Zika is known for its link to birth defects, and chikungunya is characterized by severe joint pain.

Distinguishing between these illnesses is important for proper diagnosis and treatment. Here's how!

Can dengue be spread directly from person to person?

No, dengue cannot be spread directly from person to person. It requires the intermediary role of mosquitoes to transmit the virus.

Can you get dengue more than once?

Yes, it is possible to get dengue multiple times. There are four different strains of the dengue virus, and immunity to one strain does not provide protection against the others.

How long does it take to recover from dengue?

Recovery time varies, but mild cases usually resolve within a week. Severe cases may require longer hospital stays and recovery periods.

How can I protect my children from dengue?

Dress them in protective clothing, use mosquito repellents specifically formulated for children, and ensure mosquito-free sleeping environments.

Know more here: Dengue In Children: 8 Serious Symptoms Parents Should Know

When are Aedes mosquitoes most active?

Aedes mosquitoes are most active during early mornings and late afternoons. They can also bite indoors and outdoors, making protection measures important throughout the day.

Do all mosquitoes carry the dengue virus?

No, only Aedes mosquitoes are known to carry and transmit the dengue virus. Other mosquito species do not typically transmit dengue.

Can dengue spread through a normal mosquito bites the person after biting the infected patient?

No such incident has been reported so far, and no such studies are available. It is highly impossible or at least, rare.

Can dengue be transmitted through blood transfusions?

Yes, in rare cases, dengue transmission through blood transfusions has been reported. It's important for blood banks to screen donated blood for the dengue virus in endemic areas.

Can a pregnant woman pass dengue to her fetus?

Yes, dengue can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus, but it is relatively rare. The risk of transmission is generally low and can be influenced by factors such as the timing of infection during pregnancy.

Can dengue be transmitted through breastfeeding?

Dengue transmission through breastfeeding is rare, and the benefits of breastfeeding generally outweigh the potential risks of transmission.

What precautions should pregnant women take to prevent dengue?

Pregnant women should use mosquito repellents, wear long-sleeved clothing, and ensure their living areas are mosquito-free by using screens and bed nets.

Can dengue affect menstrual cycles?

Dengue might temporarily affect menstrual cycles in some individuals due to the impact of the infection on the body. However, this is usually temporary.

Can dengue be transmitted through sexual contact?

There have been a few reported cases of possible sexual transmission of dengue, but it is considered a very rare mode of transmission. Mosquito bites remain the primary concern.

Is dengue transmission affected by climate and environment?

Yes, climate and environmental factors play a significant role in dengue transmission. Warm and humid conditions encourage mosquito breeding and virus replication, leading to increased transmission.

Can dengue be transmitted from animals to humans?

While humans are the primary hosts for the dengue virus, there is evidence that some animals can be infected with the virus. However, animals are not significant contributors to the transmission cycle.

Can dengue be prevented solely by eliminating mosquito breeding sites?

While eliminating mosquito breeding sites is a critical prevention measure, it is not the only one. Personal protection measures, such as using mosquito repellents and bed nets, are also important to avoid mosquito bites, especially in areas where dengue is prevalent.

Can aspirin be taken for dengue-related pain?

No, aspirin should be avoided as it can increase the risk of bleeding. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is recommended for pain relief.

Can pets transmit dengue?

No, pets do not transmit dengue. The primary vectors for dengue transmission are infected Aedes mosquitoes.

What is the "vector control" for dengue prevention?

Vector control involves measures to reduce mosquito populations and includes activities like eliminating standing water, using insecticides, and promoting community awareness.

What should I do if I suspect a dengue infection?

If you suspect you have dengue, seek medical attention immediately, rest, stay hydrated, and avoid self-medicating. Early diagnosis and proper care can prevent complications.

Is dengue only a problem in tropical areas?

Dengue is found in tropical and subtropical regions, but it has been reported in non-endemic areas due to international travel and climate changes.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.