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IKebana - Part I
History
of
Ikebana
During
the
early
part
of
the
7th
century,
the
message
of
the
Buddha
kindled
a
new
flame
in
the
hearts
of
the
nature-loving
Japanese.
The
emissary
of
Prince
Shotuko,
returning
from
China
brought
back
with
him
the
idea
of
offering
arranged
flowers
to
Buddha.
Thus,
Ikebana
began
as
a
kind
of
ritual
flower
offering
made
in
Budhist
temples
in
Japan
as
a
means
of
achieving
tranquiliity
of
soul.
In
these
arrangements,
both
the
flowers
and
the
branches
were
made
to
point
toward
heaven
as
an
indication
of
faith.
The
emissary
-
a
gifted
painter
and
sculptor
named
Ono-no-imoko
-
was
so
deeply
affected
by
the
idea
that
he
retired
to
live
beside
a
lake(Ike)
in
Kyoto
and
became
a
priest(bo)
dedicationg
himself
to
the
task
of
recreating
the
soul
of
nature
in
his
offerings
at
the
shrine
of
the
Budha.
This was the foundation of what subsequently became the famous "Ikenobo School" and the beginning of Ikebana in Japan which influenced the nation and added spirituality which so often moved even the most warlike Samurai to rare acts of gentility. For almost 800 years the art was passed on from individual to individual and it was only in the 15th Century that the 31st Ikenobo meaning "Priest By the Lake" organised a school and made the art available to the public. The headquarters of this school is at the same spot where the first Ikenobo lived.
A more sophisticated style of flower arrangement, called Rikka i.e., "Standing Flowers" was practiced in the 15th Centruy. This highly stylized form was popular for temple arrangements, which "through its massiveness and elaborateness re-enacted Natures's grandeur, might and majesty". This technique has become obsolete.
In the 16th Centruy a more simple style was practiced called "Nageire" meaning to throw in or fling flowers in a tall container. This arrangement is used during tea ceremony and is also called "Cha-bana" - meaning tea flowers.
Ikebana in the 19th and 20th Century is more expressive and uses different kinds of material to form an arrangement.
Ikebana in Japanese literally means "Natural flowers", also known as kado - the "way of flowers". It also means putting plant life in water.
This style is linear in composition. They emphasize on lines. It has form, rhythm and color combinations. It is asymmetrical and against wall arrangement. One can express one's own moods through Japanese style. They are also scenic and the arrangements are done according to seasons. There are many schools of Ikebana and the most popular one's are "SO-GETSU" and "OHARA".
SO-GETSU
:
This
school
was
founded
in
1928.
It
is
one
of
the
best-known
schools
of
flower
arrangement
in
Japan.
In
this
style
driftwood
and
other
dry
materials
are
used
for
floral
compositions.
In
this
art,
there
is
always
an
awareness
of
the
cosmic
forces.
The
spirit
of
the
season
is
also
in
evidence
and
it
is
reflected
in
the
choice
of
material
and
in
the
general
character
of
the
arrangement.
All arrangements are based on three main lines:
- SHIN -- HEAVEN
- SOE -- MAN
- HIKAE -- EARTH
The Signs : SHIN : (0) This is the longest stem. The symbol suggests the sun in heaven. This line is the main, so choose the branch with the strongest curve, the longest and the most beautiful.
SOE : The symbol is a rectangle and it is the medium stem. The symbol suggests a man standing squarely on earth. This line follows the main line.
HIKAE : The symbol is a triangle and is the shortest stem. The symbol suggests a mountain peak on earth. This line balances Both Shin and Soe.
JUSHIS : The symbol for this is "T". There can be any number Jushis in an arrangement and they should not be longer than the branch they support.
Restrict the material for the arrangement to two or three kinds, but not more than that. Usually branches are used as main lines and flowers are used as additional lines. Larger and darker blooms are lowest in an arrangement. Buds, smaller flowers and lighter shaded flowers are placed higher.
LINES
AND
DESIGN
:
Study
the
branch
of
lowers
carefully
to
see
the
latent
beauty
of
line
and
then
get
down
to
the
style.
Suitable
color
should
be
subordinated
to
design.
In
some
arrangements
the
beauty
and
color
of
flowers
is
important
than
lines
for
example,
flowers
like
Geranium,
Sweet
Pea
etc.,
These
create
design
by
placing
few
short
and
long
stem
flowers
with
space
in
between.
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