Exclusive: Monsoon Can Host A Buffet Of Illnesses, Dr Reveals Secrets To Guard Yourself Against Infections

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The monsoon season brings much-needed relief from the scorching heat, with refreshing rains transforming the landscape into a lush, green haven. However, along with its beauty, the monsoon also brings a host of health challenges that can affect individuals across all age groups.

From waterborne diseases to respiratory issues, the monsoon can create a breeding ground for various illnesses if proper precautions are not taken.

According to a report by WHO, Globally in 2022, there were an estimated 249 million malaria cases and 608,000 malaria deaths in 85 countries.

Further, the Economic Survey report reveals that malaria cases also increased, from 14,533 in 2022-23 to 16,821 in 2023-24. However, the deaths caused by it declined by 17%. Cases of chikungunya, also transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito responsible for dengue, more than doubled from 1,011 in 2022-23 to 2,504 in 2023-24.

In an exclusive interview with Boldsky, Dr Sridhar Srinivasan, Internal Medicine Specialist, at Vasavi Hospital, Bengaluru shares insights related to illnesses in monsoon, and how to tackle allergies and infections.

Over 9,000 dengue cases and 7 deaths were reported in Karnataka from January to July this year, mentions a TOI report. The state government said that 66,298 people were tested for dengue until 13 July, out of which a total of 9,082 people tested positive for the fever.

Know the health challenges in monsoon and expert tips on how to prevent yourself from the infections and allergies.

1. Waterborne Diseases

Waterborne diseases are among the most common health challenges during the monsoon season. Contaminated water sources, stagnant water, and poor sanitation practices can lead to the spread of diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. These diseases are caused by the ingestion of water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

Risks:

Dehydration, severe diarrhea, and in extreme cases, death.

Prevention:

Ensure that drinking water is purified or boiled before consumption. Avoid consuming food from street vendors, and maintain good hygiene practices like washing hands before eating. It is also crucial to prevent water stagnation around homes to minimize the breeding of mosquitoes, which can trasmit diseases.

'Personal hygiene is paramount, with regular handwashing using soap and water being a key practice. At home, use disinfectants to clean surfaces regularly can reduce the risk of infections. In situations where soap and water are not available, using sanitisers can be an effective alternative,' suggests Dr Srinivasan.

2. Mosquito-Borne Illnesses

The monsoon season creates ideal breeding conditions for mosquitoes, leading to an increase in diseases such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya. Stagnant water collected in puddles, pots, and other containers becomes breeding grounds for mosquitoes, posing a significant health risk.

Risks:

High fever, severe body aches, joint pain, and in some cases, hemorrhagic fever.

Prevention:

Use mosquito repellents and nets, wear long-sleeved clothing, and ensure that there is no standing water around your home. Municipal authorities should be alerted to any large stagnant water bodies that could serve as mosquito breeding grounds.

3. Respiratory Infections

The humidity and dampness during the monsoon can exacerbate respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and other allergies. Mold and mildew growth in homes can also contribute to respiratory problems, particularly in those with weakened immune systems or pre-existing respiratory conditions.

Risks:

Difficulty in breathing, chest congestion, and increased asthma attacks.

Prevention:

Keep your living spaces dry and well-ventilated to prevent the growth of mold.

Dr Srinivasan says, 'It is essential to maintain good hygiene, avoid crowded places or damp areas to prevent respiratory infections during monsoon. If you are staying indoors, use dehumidifiers, and air purifiers at home and keep windows closed to minimize exposure to allergens. These preventive measures can help reduce the incidence of allergic reactions and ensure better respiratory health.'

4. Skin Infections

Excessive moisture during the monsoon can lead to a variety of skin infections, such as fungal infections, athlete's foot, and dermatitis. Prolonged exposure to wet clothing and damp environments creates an ideal condition for the growth of fungi and bacteria on the skin.

Risks:

Itching, redness, and in severe cases, painful skin lesions.

Prevention:

'Keep your skin dry and clean, especially after getting wet. Wear light, breathable, and dry clothes as it helps in staying comfortable and reducing skin issues. Use antifungal powders in areas prone to sweating, and avoid wearing wet clothes for extended periods. Ensure that your footwear is dry, as damp shoes can also promote fungal growth,' says Dr Srinivasan.

5. Food Contamination

During the monsoon, food spoilage occurs more rapidly due to the high humidity levels. Contaminated food can lead to food poisoning, gastrointestinal infections, and other digestive issues.

Risks:

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe abdominal pain.

Prevention:

Always eat freshly prepared meals and store food in airtight containers. Avoid consuming raw or undercooked food, especially meats and seafood. Ensure that fruits and vegetables are washed thoroughly before consumption. Further, Dr Srinivasan says, 'It is important to consume only purified or boiled water during this season to prevent such infections.'

6. Joint and Muscle Pain

Many people experience an increase in joint and muscle pain during the monsoon due to the drop in atmospheric pressure and increased humidity. This can be particularly challenging for individuals with arthritis or other chronic pain conditions.

Risks:

Stiffness, reduced mobility, and exacerbated pain in affected joints.

Prevention:

Regular exercise, including stretching and strengthening exercises, can help keep joints flexible. Warm baths and massages can alleviate pain, and it's important to stay active to prevent stiffness.

7. Eye Infections

The monsoon season can also lead to an increase in eye infections such as conjunctivitis, styes, and other eye irritations. The increased humidity and exposure to rainwater can introduce bacteria and viruses to the eyes, leading to infections.

Risks:

Redness, itching, discharge from the eyes, and blurred vision.

Prevention:

Avoid touching your eyes with unclean hands and use protective eyewear when stepping out in the rain. If you experience any signs of an eye infection, seek medical attention promptly.

8. Gastrointestinal Problems

Monsoon weather can lead to gastrointestinal issues such as indigestion, acidity, and bloating, often exacerbated by the consumption of contaminated food and water. The digestive system can become sluggish during the monsoon, leading to discomfort.

Risks:

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.

Prevention:

Eat light, home-cooked meals and avoid oily, spicy, and street food. Incorporate probiotics and fiber-rich foods into your diet to aid digestion and maintain gut health.

9. Hypothermia

Prolonged exposure to cold rainwater can lower the body's temperature, leading to hypothermia, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly and children. This condition can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly.

Risks:

Shivering, confusion, loss of coordination, and in severe cases, unconsciousness.

Prevention:

Wear waterproof clothing and ensure that you stay dry, especially during heavy rainfall. If you do get wet, change into dry clothes as soon as possible, and seek warmth.

10. Viral Infections

The monsoon season often sees a spike in viral infections such as the flu, common cold, and viral fever. The damp and cool environment provides an ideal setting for viruses to thrive and spread.

Risks:

Fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches.

Prevention:

Maintain good hygiene, wash your hands regularly, and avoid close contact with individuals who are sick. Getting vaccinated against the flu before the monsoon season can also provide added protection.

Prioritizing hygiene, staying dry, and being vigilant about your health are key to navigating the monsoon season without falling ill. With the right precautions, you can make the most of this season and all its natural beauty without compromising your health.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.