Adenovirus On A Rise In West Bengal; Know Adenovirus Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention; Are Kids At Risk?

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Currently, West Bengal is experiencing a spike in adenovirus cases, with pediatric wards in hospitals filling up rapidly. The National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED) in Kolkata has tested positive for the virus in at least 30 percent of samples sent there since January.

Because children under the age of 5 are more likely to become infected, parents should be aware of the early signs and symptoms of this highly contagious virus that can result in a mild or severe illness [1].

What Is Adenovirus?

Adenovirus is a medium-sized, non-enveloped virus with a wide range of infections most commonly causing the common cold or flu. Adenoviruses are usually associated with mild cold-like symptoms in people of all ages.

The disease occurs most commonly in infants and young children. While serious illness is uncommon, it can become severe in people with weakened immune systems or those who have existing respiratory or cardiac problems [2].

What Are The Symptoms of Adenovirus?

The most common symptoms are respiratory- runny nose, sore throat, fever, cough, bronchitis, pneumonia; digestive- vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, conjunctivitis (pink eye).

The other symptoms are as follows:

• There is a high frequency of respiratory tract infections, such as sinusitis, pneumonitis, and bronchiolitis as well as gastrointestinal infections, such as diarrhoea, and ophthalmological infections, such as keratitis and conjunctivitis [3].
• The infection can cause multiorgan involvement and a more severe form of meningitis and encephalitis if it is not treated.
• Children under the age of 5 are more likely to suffer from digestive tract infections, and most of them will experience at least one form of infection by the age of 10.
• Like any virus, it has a prodromal stage and symptoms of "flu-like" illness, such as runny nose, cough, croup, pink eye, headache, and fever. Symptoms of a digestive tract infection, such as vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain, may begin 3 to 10 days after infection.
• There is a tendency for symptoms to occur in children younger than 5 years of age, lasting for one to two weeks in most cases [4].

Adenoviruses: How Do They Spread?

Most adenoviruses are transmitted from one individual to another through intimate contacts, such as touching or shaking hands, or through coughing and sneezing.

Certain adenoviruses can be transmitted through a person's stool as well, such as when changing a baby's diaper. Adenoviruses can also be transmitted by touching an infected object or surface and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands [5].

As well as spreading through the air, adenovirus can also be transmitted through water, such as swimming pools.

What Is The Treatment For Adenovirus?

Symptoms of adenovirus infections are usually mild, and can usually be managed with rest and over-the-counter painkillers or fever reducers. There are no approved antiviral drugs or methods for treating adenovirus infections. Although there is an adenovirus vaccine, it can only be used by the United States military [6].

Is It Possible To Prevent Adenovirus?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people should frequently wash their hands with soap and water and follow proper hygiene practices. Furthermore, as with COVID-19, do not touch your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.

Because the disease is airborne, it goes without saying that we should avoid close contact with infected people.

You should call the doctor if you suspect your baby might have the virus or a weak immune system, as symptoms may significantly worsen. Also, inform them if you have a high fever for more than a few days, have vision problems, or are suffering from severe diarrhoea and vomiting [7].

What Strain Of Adenovirus Is Currently Affecting West Bengal?

Based on the ICMR-NICED report, strains 3 and 7 of the adenovirus are responsible for the current spike in cases. Although strain 3 is the most commonly found genotype of the virus, strain 7 is the deadliest of all adenovirus strains known to us, making this pairing especially deadly and a serious concern [8].

Are Children At An Increased Risk Of Adenoviruses?

Generally, adenoviruses affect children under 5 years of age in the winter, spring, and early summer. Generally, they affect the respiratory system, but may also affect the digestive system.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.